1、 Die type and working conditions
Forming process: Select material type based on cold and hot processing characteristics.Hot work molds (die-casting, forging): High temperature resistance (500~800 ℃) is required, with priority given to 1.2344 and H13 heat-resistant steel.
Cold work molds (punching, stretching): require high hardness (HRC50 or above) and wear resistance, suitable for tool steels such as 1.2379, D2, SKD11, DC53, etc.
Plastic molds: Pay attention to polishing and corrosion resistance. S136 stainless steel is recommended for transparent parts, and special corrosion-resistant steel should be selected for plastics containing corrosive additives.
Environmental factors: Corrosive environments (such as PVC processing) must use stainless steel; High temperature cyclic loading requires investigation of thermal fatigue resistance.
2、 Key performance indicators of materials
Mechanical properties:Hardness and wear resistance: High hardness steel (HRC48~65) is required for long-term use (>1 million cycles); Select pre hardened steel (HRC30~45) for medium lifespan (100000~1 million cycles).
Resilience and impact resistance: High impact scenarios (such as hammer forging dies) require low-alloy tool steel or new high toughness steel grades.
Special performance:
Thermal stability: Hard alloys are suitable for extreme high temperature environments.
Corrosion resistance: Molds that come into contact with chemical gases require stainless steel or coating treatment.
3、 Production scale and economy
Batch size: prioritize high wear-resistant materials (such as hard alloy coated steel) for large-scale production; Small batch options include economical carbon steel or pre hardened steel to reduce processing costs.4、 Feasibility of Processing and Maintenance Requirements
Manufacturing process adaptation: Complex structural molds use pre hardened steel to avoid heat treatment deformation; High precision components require electric slag remelting steel to improve purity.Post maintenance: Use materials with strong repairability for vulnerable parts (such as carburizing steel for local strengthening).
The essence of selection is a multi-objective optimization process, which needs to be combined with failure mode analysis (such as wear, cracking, and corrosion dominant scenarios) to determine priority. Suggest establishing a three-dimensional decision model that includes "performance parameters cost weights risk assessment" to achieve the optimal balance between technical feasibility and economic benefits.